Sinuses are the cavities that produce the mucus necessary for the nasal passages to work effectively. Sinusitis or sinus infection is the inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. Sinusitis interferes with the way mucus normally drains and makes the nose stuffy.
Types of sinusitis
Acute sinusitis: This is the most common type and lasts for about 2-4 weeks
Subacute sinusitis: The sinus inflammation usually lasts 4 to 12 weeks
Chronic sinusitis: Lasts for a long time, usually longer than 12 weeks
Recurrent sinusitis: It happens several times a year
Causes of sinusitis
Sinusitis can be caused due to
Viral infections
Bacterial infections
Fungal infections or
Pollutants
Risk factors of sinusitis
People are at an increased risk of sinusitis who had
Previous respiratory tract infection
Nasal polyps
Allergies
Structural problems in the septum (deviated septum)
Weakened immune system
Asthma
Symptoms of sinusitis
Common signs and symptoms of sinusitis include:
Reduced sense of smell and taste
Nasal discharge
Nasal obstruction or congestion, causing difficulty in breathing
Pain, tenderness, and swelling around your eyes, cheeks, nose or forehead
Other signs and symptoms include:
Headache
Ear pain
Sore throat
Fatigue
Bad breath
Diagnosis of sinusitis
The condition is diagnosed with the help of
Imaging tests: CT or MRI scans can show the details of sinuses and nasal area and any inflammation in sinuses.
Nasal endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a fiber-optic light is inserted through the nose to examine the inside of the sinuses
An allergy test: A skin test is safe and quick to help detect what allergen is responsible for the nasal flare-ups
Samples from the nasal and sinus: A swab is placed inside the nose to collect samples that might help determine the cause (a bacterial or fungal or viral infection)
Treatment of sinusitis
Treatment usually depends on the severity of the condition. Acute sinusitis doesn’t require any treatment beyond symptomatic relief. Other treatments include:
Antibiotic therapy: If the cause is a bacterial infection
Saline nasal spray: Nasal sprays or solutions helps to reduce the drainage and rinse away irritants and allergies
Nasal corticosteroids: The nasal sprays with corticosteroids may help to prevent and treat inflammation
Nasal decongestants: These medications are available over-the-counter (OTC), and should be used only when prescribed
Surgery: When the above treatments fail, surgery may be recommended
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